The World Health Organization Describes Mental Disorder

The World Health Organization describes mental disorder as â€Å"a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behaviour, and relationships with others† (Mental Disorder). Some mental disorders include depression, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, dementia, anxiety disorder, etc. Mental Illness is very important today as about â€Å"1 in 5 adults in the U.S.–43.8 million, or 18.5%–experience mental illness in a given year† and about â€Å"1 in 12 adults in the U.S.–10 million, or 4.2%–experiences a serious mental illness in a given year that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities† (NAMI). It is essential that people are able to treat their illness. A 2010 studies showed that about 3.9 million U.S. adults have severe mental illness that are left untreated. Out of the 2.6 million people who have schizophrenia, 51% of them are untreated. Untreated, people are shown to be an imminen t danger to themselves and to others (Fast Facts). Self-harm is the act of hurting yourself on purpose. People harm themselves as a way to cope with their emotions. It is associated with depression, eating disorders, anxiety, personality disorder, or posttraumatic distress disorder–also known as PTSD. â€Å"Injuring yourself stimulates the body’s endorphins or pain-killing hormones, thus raising their mood†¦[someone] might cause himself pain in order to feel something ‘real’ to replace emotional numbness† or is an act of releasing their emotions when they are usedShow MoreRelatedCommunity s Non Profit Mental Health Organizations1678 Words   |  7 Pagesyoung, I saw mental conditions as an excuse people used to justify their poor behaviour. In other words, I did not take them seriously because of how I was raised. Since then, much has changed. I now realize that mental illness is an issue that has to be dealt with in order to help our society grow as a whole. To do so, we all need to support our community’s non-profit mental health organizations. Providing support through improved access to qualified non-governmental organizations is an importantRead MorePrinciples of Mental Health1258 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING Principles of Mental Health The World Health Organization (2012) defines mental health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. WHO establishes the connection of mental health to the promotion of mental well-being, the prevention of mental disorders and the treatment of mental disorders and the rehabilitation of those afflicted with these disorders (WHO). The Council for Accreditation of CounselingRead MoreHave You Ever Noticed That You Have Never Seen An Exact1506 Words   |  7 Pagesnoticed something on your face and your first reaction would be is to say where/what? or look at a reflection. What if there was something you couldn t see, because it was mental instead of physical. Something that is irritating, and at sometimes you couldn t even hide it. You can smile and act fine, but can you really mask a mental illness? In this case, we will be talking about depression. Go ahead and look at a mirror, or now with the advancement of technology, you can use your smart phone and putRead MoreHealth Outcomes1611 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Health outcomes refer to the changes in the health status of individuals or the population. The outcomes are attributed to multiple or planned interventions, whether or not the intention of the intervention was to alter the health status. These interventions include health services and programs including health promotion programs, government policies, laws and regulations, and consequent programs. Intervention may also include unintended or intended health outcomes of governmentRead MoreMental Health : A Global Crisis1599 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health: A Global Crisis Mental Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as â€Å"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO, 2014).† Any deviation from that definition constitutes a mental health issue. It is important to note that mental health issues do not necessarily constitute a mental disorderRead MoreMental Illnesses And Mental Health1165 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction World Health Organization (WHO, 2014) defines Mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Whereas Mental illnesses (MI) are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood or behavior associated with significant distress and impaired functioning (Health Canada, 2012). MI affects people of all agesRead MoreScientific Research on Nutrition823 Words   |  3 Pagesdiet can increase live expectancy and lesson the chance of contracting disease. Eating well can also increase productivity in humans, generate a heightened mental prospective and could easily stop the rising obesity rates in todays culture. Concerning such aspects as long term health effects and the consequences from a unhealthy diet placed on mental stability, dieting could be distinguished as a disadvantage to the human species. Emily Mathieu (2011), reporter for the Toronto Star Newspaper, statesRead MoreVulnerable Populations - Human Services1683 Words   |  7 PagesChronic illnesses are disorders that require ongoing care and treatment for much of the patients’ life to manage the illness. Examples of such illnesses are diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease. When discussing chronic mental illness, such diseases or disorders would be those that require ongoing treatment and care throughout much of the patients’ life. Examples would be schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, chronic anxiety disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder as well as many otherRead MoreEvaluation Of A Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1147 Words   |  5 PagesAffecting around 350 million people around the world (WHO, 2015) and one in five adults in Australia (Reavley et al. 2011), depression is a mental health disorder that presents a high social and economic impact. The World Health Organisation has predicted that depression will be the disorder with the resulting highest level of disability in the world by 2030, making it one of the health topics in their agenda (WHO, 2015). Here in Australia, this disorder costs the economy approximately 12.6 billionRead MoreThe Death Of A Mad House By Elizabeth Cochran1292 Words   |  6 PagesCochran assumed the alias Nellie Bly and feigned a mental illness to report on the truly awful conditions inside psychiatric hospitals in the US--which were known as asylums at the time. She found rotten food, cold showers, prevalent rats, abusive nurses, and patients being tied down in her famous expose Ten Days in a Mad House. What she documented had been pretty standard mental health treatment for centuries, but her work led the charge in mental health reform. It s been a long battle. Nearly

Analysis Between Old World and New World Gender Roles Essay

Throughout American history, women, have been discriminated against and did not receive the same political as well as social rights as men since America was heavily a patriarchal society. Although women were still not on the same level of power as men in America, when women began to actually make social and political advancements in the early 20th century, their newfound liberty exceeded the independence that women of Old World cultures received and this if evident in the book Breadgivers Anna Yezierska. In the early half of the 20th century, a womens role in America was not only controlled by the society, but it was also profoundly defined by her culture. In Breadgivers, the daughter of Jewish immigrants must battle with†¦show more content†¦ This verbal recognition goes beyond just the thoughts of individual feeling as if they are the powerless considering that when someone verbally says something, it shows that they are complete confidence that what they are saying is the truth and completely acceptable. Although often times in society, a daughters ideology and values often resemble the values of her mother, however Saras recognition of her independence as a women is quite evident in her relationship between her and her father and it is definitely owed to her assimilation of American values. Sara believed He was the Old World. I was the New. The two often had conflicts because Sara strived for more independence and the father strived for more control and the two recognized that their differences were a result of the New World American culture and the Old World Jewish culture. The father once stated to Sara You think millions of educated old maids like you could change the world one inch? Woe to America where women are let free like men. All, thats false in politics, prohibition, and all the evils of the world come from them. This exemplifies how the father feels not only should the women be controlled by men, but he also believes that the American values of a more independe nt women stem from evil. This shows the fathers conflict between womens emancipation and American assimilation. Despite the fact that the mother never assimilated toShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Are Parents’ Gender Schemas Related To Their Children’S1176 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Are Parents’ Gender Schemas Related to Their Children’s Gender-Related Cognitions? A Meta-Analysis† is a journal article published by Developmental Psychology on February 20th, 2002. This research report is a complication of 43 published studies including 48 research samples that were analyzed. The purpose of the complication was to determine if there is a correlation between the gender schemas or stereotypes, beliefs, preferences, and roles held by parents has an effect on the gender cognitions ofRead MoreAn Examination Of Gender And Sexual Differences1191 Words   |  5 Pagessupposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. (Webster Dictionary) Joyce Rosemary argues and sees it as an ex amination of gender (2013). This should explain only perceived differences between men and women but also the male dominance. Joyce Rosemary (2013) traces presence of the naturalization of biological differences to the initial arguments of feminists women subordinate the status was based on culturalRead MoreWomen s Impact On The Media Industry1067 Words   |  5 Pages In a world where women account for just under half the population the representation of women in media is shocking! Media is one of the most powerful tools to educate, effect social changes and spread political awareness in the world. From childhood our personalities have been shaped due to films and TV programmes, yet only 12% of protagonists in 2014s top 100 grossing films were female. This is only one of the many examples of how women are unfairly disadvantaged in the media industry. This isRead MoreGender Inequality And The Status Of Women Within Canada939 Words   |  4 PagesGender Inequality and the Status of Women within Canada It was only after several years of working as an executive that I realized that I had been born with a natural aptitude for an executive role. Prior to this realization, I had perceived myself as someone who had ‘fluked’ into the job—it was my father’s business and he had passed away, the company needed a president and I was executor of the estate. Despite the fact that I was asked to stay on as Marketing Director by the two lawyers who boughtRead MoreThe Age Of Innocence By Edith Wharton And The Waste Land1398 Words   |  6 Pagesway and compare these two women characters. Wharton’s portrayal of gender in the society of Old New York illustrates the â€Å"perfect† woman through May Welland along with the â€Å"imperfect† woman through Ellen Olenska, whereas in the poem The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, the role and sexuality of women is shown through the juxtaposition of two women in the section â€Å"A Game of Chess.† In The Age of Innocence, Edith Wharton portrays gender through the juxtaposition of Ellen and May. May is the type of womanRead MoreSummary Of Elizabeth Diazs I Am My Member 1505 Words   |  7 PagesGray is from Dallas, Texas Lesbian, Graffiti Artist and Marijuana user. She befriended with many people of color and she is White. Brigitte Anne Dionisio: Dionisio was born and grew up in the Philippines, moved to the US with siblings at 11 years old. Her family, both speak Tagalog and English fluently at home, Dionisio said in her culture Family is valuable, and â€Å"That’s what my elders teach us at every generation.† Says Dionisio. She and her family aren’t religious; Dionisio does go to church onRead MoreJessie Pope War Women Analysis1582 Words   |  7 PagesMasculinity and Femininity in Jessie Pope’s war poems: â€Å"War Girls† and â€Å"The Call† The world wars have greatly impacted modern British literature in the 20th century. There were many poems written about the period of war; some showed them in a positive light and some negative. Gender roles, gender relations on what means to be a man or a woman impacted greatly during this time. In particular with World War I, women in large numbers took over jobs in the homeland while the men were out fighting. QuestionsRead MoreHere Are My Members Of My Group : Elizabeth Diaz1492 Words   |  6 Pagesculture. Ashten Gray: From Dallas, Texas Lesbian, Graffiti Artist, and Marijuana user. She became friends with many people of color. Brigitte Anne Dionisio: She was born and grew up in the Philippines, moved to the United States with siblings at 11 years old. Her family both speak Tagalog and English fluently at home, Dionisio said in her culture Family is valuable, That s what my elders teach at every generation. Says Dionisio. She and her family aren t that religious, Dionisio does go to church onRead MoreHow Paper has revolutionized the World1574 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2nd Century BC, when papermaking was first invented, the Chinese inventors created an object as light as a feather that contains more power than all the armies of the world. Paper has unquestionably been a force that has revolutionized the world. While it is universally accepted that paper has been a liberating force for society it has also been a medium that has led to misfortune for many people. Like a double-edged sword; paper can acts as a vehicle for sharing and a catalyst for great changeRead MoreAfrican Literature and Culture1447 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesAnalyzing male-female relationships in African literature enables a better understanding of how African writers view the gender roles including the application of religious aspects, marriage and identity, midwives and slave women, nationalism, and migration. In earlier works, the female gender was often perceived as â€Å"the Queen Mother.† Many African writers portray women in traditional roles whereas articles written in the past few decades analyze male-female relationships with a more feminist approach.

Rappaccinis Daughter by Nathaniel Hawthorne free essay sample

An analysis of the short story with specific attention to its comparison with the Bible. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, compare, and discuss the short story Rappaccinis Daughter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Specifically, it will compare and contrast the characters with those of Adam and Eve in the Bible, and show their commonality. The paper describes the symbolism in the story in relation to the Bible. From the very opening, the reader knows this is to be a story concerned with good and evil, as Giovanni lives in a home where the former occupant was a partaker of the immortal agonies of his [Dantes] Inferno (Hawthorne 293). Clearly, Rappaccini represents the Devil, as he is a truly evil and corrupt man. His lovely daughter, Beatrice, represents Eve, as she too spends her life in a garden, and drinks in the poisonous effects of the vile plants her father has grown. We will write a custom essay sample on Rappaccinis Daughter by Nathaniel Hawthorne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The Limits Of Globalization Essay Example For Students

The Limits Of Globalization Essay THE LIMITS OF GLOBALIZATIONNowadays one of the most commonly used terms is globalization. But what does globalization mean? Does it mean dissappearing borders, a common trade unit, no tax in trade abroad, political awareness across the world, or, in extremes, even interfering with other countries domestic affairs?In some ways globalization may be useful in creating a common sense of world citizenship, but useful to what extent? What are the possibilities, advantages and risks of such world citizenship? Are the United Nations and the European Union, stepping stones to globalization?Disappearing borders, in the economic meaning of the term can most clearly be seen today in Europe. We will write a custom essay on The Limits Of Globalization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The European Union restricts taxes on trade between members. Taking a step further the EU have decided on a common currency, the Euro , which became available at the beginning of 1999. This currency may economically be more functional but what aboutnational pride? All trade units display a countrys well known heros or great personalities of them that the citizens respect for. How are the citizens going to respond to this kind of change time will show but nobody can say European countries are not nationalistic. There is a strong evidence on the contrary. One example is world war II, which started in the middle of Europe- -considered then the most civilized part of the world- because of Germanys belief in its national superiority. This unfortunate development took place just half a century ago.These European nation-states may seem to be getting along well for the time being because of fairly smilar economic levels but what will happen if one countrys economic level drops or gets much better than the rest? Would the better ones pull up the worst to keep up with them or would those countries-having the best economy- want to carry the rest on their shoulders? Besides its economic ups and downs globalization has a tremendous effect on cultural values. World has a cultural diversity in itself. Every nation every country has its own traditions values practices of cultural activities. These create a diversity which every part of the world can be pointed out by their own characteristics. By the beginning 20th century with the effects of industrialization and common usage of communication devices and transpotation becoming faster and more comfortable economy started to play the most important role in a states political policies. Trade became one of the main incomes of the countries and trade required close interaction between countries and decisions were started to be taken to ease traders by governments. This attitude of governments have led economic affairs to shape up cultural practices of states. As the cultures were revised by economy, stronger economies emposed their cultural practices to the weak ones. This if not stopped will continue until cultural erosion destroys cultural diversity over the world. The export of Western commodities, values, priorities, ways of life. In a process of unequal cultural encounter, foreign populations have been compelled to be the subjects and subalterns of Western empire, while, no less significantly, the West has come to face with the alien and exotic culture of its Other. Globalization, as it dissolves the barriers of distance, makes the encounter of colonial center and colonized periphery immediate and intense (1995:108). The current century has seen a magnitude of rise and fall of political power and economical, political, social and structural changes, which without doubt have influenced any societys culture that was touched. From the imperial ages early this century, Europe in particular has seen the decline of the colonial power, the democratization and communization, the rise and fall of totalitarian, nationalistic and socialist regimes, and their decline. Europe has also experienced the fall from economic and political superpower, in a century that was for a long time been best characterized as the USSR-USA century. Equally Asia has been struck by fundamental changes: from the imperial China to the communist China, the rise of the Tiger Economies, the Vietnam war, the Korean war, the independence of India, the Iran Iraq war, the Gulf war,.. .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 , .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .postImageUrl , .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 , .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:hover , .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:visited , .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:active { border:0!important; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:active , .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9 .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a6d464c24a5a3bd3f23fa94630a69e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuclear Weapons Essay Paper. to name just a few. Since economy plays the most important role or is the main criteria in a countrys prestige and power; economically strong states started to have more power on international affairs. Such strength of some countries have led them to interpret the term globalization as their right to interfere with weaker states domestic affairs. The most recent event we could observe about this issue was the attack of the US to Iraq on Ramadan -the religiously important month of Muslims. The reason and aim of the bombing were explained by the US Foreign Affairs Minister, Ms. Albright, exactly as We -as the US- will do what is needed for Iraqi people to get what they deserve as better life standarts. This statement could be interpreted in two different ways that are very far away in meaning from each other. It could either be viewed optimistically as US really cares about the future of Iraqi people and want to do something good for them. Or a pessimistic approach could be such that: US sees itself as the judge of the world and decide what is good or bad for everyone. The second approach is not the majority believe its right but this is still a failure of interpretation of globalization, travelling overseas to bomb.During the time this Commission has been at work, we have witnessed the currencies of Europe held hostage by forces of speculation themselves out of control. Powerful economies confronted each other on the threshold of trade wars, while marginal ones collapsed. There was ethnic cleansing in the Balkans, a failed state in Somalia, and genocide in Rwanda. Nuclear weapons lay unsecured in the former Soviet Union, and neo- Fascism surfaced in the West. Caring about the whole world and not just the territory one lives in is the starting point of the idea: World Citizenship. If we are living in the world we have to be aware of whats going on around us and if possible do something for the better of the world. This may include environmental issues as well as political ones. However, world citizenship must not be understood as forgetting national and cultural values of ones own and only care about the whole. If interpreted like this the idea of world citizenship also becomes a threat to cultural diversity. Formally the equivalence can be so stated: nationalism has as a central political demand the establishment of a state on a territory, exclusive of other states on that territory, populated by a group formed by involuntary membership of an inclusive category, usually descendants of past inhabitants of the territory. Normative globalism seeks a state with planetary territory, and a monopoly of that territory, paralleling the monopoly claim of nationalism itself. All humans would belong to that state (as citizens) by reason of being human and/or inhabiting the planet, without any choice in the matter. In its central claim normative globalism is equivalent to nationalism: it is semantically correct to describe it as a form of nationalism. As a result globalization may be useful in economic affairs but the limits shoul be drawn concisely that it does not threaten cultural diversity and nationalism. Governments shoul take special care against cultural erosion and stop resmbling of cultures with the effects of ecomonics. Politics Essays

Agatha Comes Back Home Review Essay Example

Agatha Comes Back Home Review Paper Essay on Agatha Comes Back Home Before reading this tale, I heard about Lenore Goralik very little, Childs Food read me was more than disappointing, actually put it on the cross author .Before long as I do not got Agatha .This is the most amazing, captivating tale read Russian-speaking children in recent years, I have. Author, rose to the occasion. Agatha to me got a par with Alice. And anyway, I have a very strong impression that Agatha was actually taken from the idea of ​​Alice in Wonderland .But this is not repulsive, rather, pull factors. In addition to Carroll, I spotted in the Agatha and Goethes Faust .u me unconditionally ardent imagination, but that there are reasons. Seemingly written for children, it is an absolute interest and for adults in the book laid .Poskolku, philosophical implications, veiled under a fairy tale. The plot is as follows: very clever eight-year girl Agatha, left alone at home, she decides to pass the leisure time in the woods, and there accidentally catches a little imp. Following the mysterious rule, if a person is caught demon with his hands, then caught the devil (in this case, imp) must serve man as man does not let him. We will write a custom essay sample on Agatha Comes Back Home Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Agatha Comes Back Home Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Agatha Comes Back Home Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Agata brings it home, wash, what else to do with getting caught Madden? And of course the little imp manages to soften Agatha .Poskolku girl she is kind, it is a compromise. Here it comes, wicked, Mephistopheles daddy-demon-man in a fur coat, which entices Agatha different things Having a choice of three rings: one gets rid of the pain,. other to get someone you like love, and if you will wear the third the demon whenever she only wish would come to her aid, and to play with it in his hands. Agate, like every child, chooses the third game with the devil. And I would become thoughtful, a bit too would like to get a second, so very tempting it seems to me this gift. Â «Love of anyone, should you wish for. Whatever you did, whatever it may be said, as it were myself or led if you want, then you need your people will love you, Agata, love you more than anything else. You do not need to not have to win the hearts, do not be tormented by doubts will suffer from unrequited love. Â » Since Agatha was still a girl smart, she intuitively chose the right course of action and took the only right decision. And what learn yourself by reading .

HealthCare Fraud

HealthCare Fraud For many years the United States government has taken keen interest on the welfare of the healthcare consumers, especially in regard to healthcare fraud. Notably there have been numerous fraudulent transactions within the American healthcare system, which have had severe medical and financial implications. Specifically, the United States government has lost billion of dollars due to healthcare fraud. This is coupled with many patients who have been conned off their benefits as a result of transfer of policy to a different. As a result the United States government came up with laws to regulate the healthcare sector and minimize, as well as prosecute cases of fraud. These laws are famously referred to as The Anti-Kickback Statutes. The case of Sundown Community Hospital and Central Park Medical Group joint venture, which offered financial benefits to facilitate the agreement on the transfer to patients, a majority of whom are under Medicare plan, violates the requirement of the Anti-Ki ckback law. However, this plan can still be safeguarded if it is modeled along a different approach which fulfills the requirement of ‘safe harbor’ exemptions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on HealthCare Fraud specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There have been a number of healthcare landmark cases, such as Feldstein v. Nash Community Health Services, Inc., which have brought forth a number of urgent concerns. Suffice to state that healthcare issues are intricate and complicated to the extent that the United States government developed a set of detailed statues referred to as the Anti-Kickback Statutes to address emergent issues in healthcare provision (Office of Inspector General, 1999; Altshuler, Creekpaum and Fang 2008). The main purpose for this law is to protect the welfare of healthcare consumers from exploitation by fraudulent healthcare providers. One of the major concerns that arise is the determination of whether any (healthcare) transaction is either a minor misdemeanor or fraud. In this regard, it is the primary objective of the prosecutor to determine whether there was intent and objective of obtaining kickbacks. Furthermore, debate still ranges on, on the definition of the terms kickback and bribe. Out of Subsequent cases, there have emerged several interpretations of the terms kickback. The United States V Hancock case assumed the broader interpretation of the term kickback as the intentional receiving of payments fraudulently. This definition does not however, address other issues of concern such as nonfinancial benefits. As a result, the congressional amendments of 1977 stipulated that Medicare fraud did not have to result in a kickback. Currently, the Social Security Act stipulates that any party in a Medicare agreement cannot offer or receive payments or any other benefits to engineer a business deal (Schwartz, 2003). Just like the Feldstein v. Nash Communi ty Health Services, Inc., the Sundown Community Hospital and Central Park Medical Group joint venture involves financial and social security privileges to employees. Sundown Community Hospital is intending to make the deal a success and as such has to put together an attractive offer to Central Park Medical Group in terms of permanent staff privileges to Central Park owners.Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This also includes monthly bonuses. Since the deal is proposed by Sundown Community Hospital, the privileges to Central Park Medical Group staff are intended to make an appeal and as such avoid any objection to the deal. Furthermore, 60% of the healthcare consumers at Central Park Medical Group are under Medicare plan. This implies that Sundown Community Hospital stands to benefit directly from the joint ownership of these consumers who are on Medicare. Such impl ications made Sundown Community Hospital to offer kickbacks in terms of indirect payments to permanent staff, to successfully engineer the deal. It can thus be concluded that such kickbacks were made willfully and knowingly to induce business. The anti-kickback statute prohibits and criminalizes any willful payments made knowingly to engineer the referral or transfer of any individual who is a beneficiary of any medicare scheme. As such the statute proposes criminal penalties for any payments made, such as in the United States v Jain to induce the said referrals and transfers, which includes prison terms and fines. Furthermore, any party found to have willfully offer or received such payments attracts criminal liability for such offenses (Romano and Fox, 2009). This case is therefore in contravention of the Anti-kickback Statutes as well as the 1996 regulation on the movement of healthcare consumers between providers, referred to as The Health Insurance Portability and Accountabilit y Act (Price and Norris, 2009). Therefore, the joint venture between Sundown Community Hospital and Central Park Medical Group cannot proceed since the two parties faces criminal charges for giving and receiving indirect payment to induce referrals of Medicare consumers. This deal can however go ahead, but under the 1972 congressional amendments which provided for certain safe harbors regulations. Within these regulations, there are certain business transactions which are can be exempted from the Anti-Kickback Statutes (Schwartz, 2003). While there are numerous safe harbor regulations, two specific one can protect this deal from criminal liability. Specialty Referral Arrangements between Providers is a regulation within the Anti-kickback Statutes that safeguards the referrals and transfer of Medicare beneficiaries between providers. Under this provision, it is possible to refer a patient from the primary physician to a secondary physician on grounds of specialized treatment.Advertis ing We will write a custom research paper sample on HealthCare Fraud specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The regulation also stipulates that the party to whom the patient is being referred to has the obligation of referring the patient back to the primary healthcare provider at some point during the course of the treatment (Office of Inspector General, 1999). Suffice to say that this kind of an arrangement is closely monitored to ensure that such transfers are motivated by the need for further medical treatment from specialized physician and not timed to benefit the second party financially. As such, Sundown Community Hospital and Central Park Medical Group patient transfers are only applicable on the grounds of specialized medical treatment. Furthermore, Anti-Kickback Statutes do not exempt such kind of a transaction to the extent of financial benefits if the patient is on a Federal Healthcare plan. In this case, the parties involved i n this plan have to ensure that the 60% of patients are under a state controlled medical plan before filing for exemption from the Anti-Kickback Statutes. Transfer of patients who are on any form of Medicare plan is not necessarily a fraud. As such, the parties involved may not be criminally liable for engineering patient transfer and co ownership deals on certain grounds. The Sundown Community Hospital / Central Park Medical Group joint venture is however suspect. Borrowing from rulings such as Feldstein v. Nash Community Health Services, United States V Hancock and others, the two parties involved are criminally liable since they knowingly exchanged payments as part of the business agreement. As such the deal is not motivated by medical reasons and as such need to be redesigned to avoid prosecution.Advertising Looking for research paper on health law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Altshuler, M., Creekpaum, J., Fang, J.. (2008). Health care fraud. The American Criminal Law Review, 45(2), 607-664. Office of Inspector General (1999). Federal Anti-Kickback Law and regulatory safe harbor. Web. Price, M., and Norris, D. (2009). Health care fraud: Physicians as white collar criminals? Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Web. Romano, D. and Fox, A. (2009). What to do when you’re recruitment agreement leaves town. AHLA Connections. Web. Schwartz, J. (2003). Elaborating on sham transactions as evidence of violations of the anti-kickback statute. Journal of Law Policy. Web.

Louis XVI and the French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Louis XVI and the French Revolution - Essay Example I ordered the arrest of Duval d’Espremensil and Goislard de Montsadert, who opposed the judicial reform that was against the public interest. As a King, I had to put into consideration the public interest and not favor the parliament interests that will have an adverse impact on the public. I expected the two to support me instead of criticizing the Brienne ministry reforms. Their act could have caused great influence to different groups of people making them develop a negative attitude leading to violence. However, in mid-1780s the country was almost driven near bankruptcy due to the policy of borrowing loans internationally and not raising taxes that increased the country’s debt. I was therefore obliged to collaborate in the radical fiscal reforms which were not supported by the nobles. The nobility did not help the deterioration of provincial privileges in order to favor the centralized monarchy (Hardman, 2000). I, therefore, state that I did not escape as accused, but I was under depression due to the queen’s infidelity. I needed s time away from everything in order to forget my marital problems, and I engaged in activities like hunting. Therefore, I had no reason to run away to avoid my duties as the King. Before my downfall, I was forced to accept the authority of the National Assembly which I had I resisted initially. I did everything for the benefit of the country. As I rest my case, I wish to declare that I am innocent according to the charges pressed against me† (Plain, 2002).